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WASHINGTON, D.C. — Today CareOregon joined a total of 16 payers, representing more than 248 million lives, in announcing a groundbreaking commitment to adopt eight “National Principles of Care” for the treatment of addiction that will improve outcomes and save lives.
In addition to CareOregon, the organizations include: Aetna, AmeriHealth Caritas Family of Companies, Anthem Inc., Beacon Health Options, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, CareSource, Centene Corporation, Cigna, Commonwealth Care Alliance, Envolve Health, Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey, Magellan Health, UnitedHealth Group, UPMC Insurance Division, and WellCare, agreed to identify, promote, and reward substance use disorder (SUD) treatment that aligns with the National Principles of Care.
The Principles were derived from the Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs and Health and are backed by three decades of research. Aligning care with these evidence-based Principles will significantly improve the quality of treatment for the 21 million Americans with substance use disorders.
This initiative is part of CareOregon’s work as a member of the Substance Use Disorder Treatment Task Force, launched in April 2017 by Gary Mendell, founder and CEO of Shatterproof, and Dr. Thomas McLellan, founder and chairman of the Treatment Research Institute and former Deputy Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy under President Obama. Metrics will be established to measure progress on this initiative and will published regularly.
“Given the prevalence of substance abuse, it is essential that we have principles that highlight the best practice needed to address SUD,” said Amit Shah, MD, CareOregon’s chief medical officer. “This multi-system endorsement is paramount if we are to align SUD treatment efforts.”
National Principles of Care for Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Definition: Screening for substance use disorders (SUDs) should be routine in primary care, and other medical and behavioral settings - such as emergency, obstetric, geriatric, pediatric, and others - especially among those with known risk and few protective factors. This should be followed by informed clinical guidance on reducing the frequency and amount of substance use, family education to support lifestyle changes and regular monitoring. People with symptoms of a substance use disorder should receive a personalized clinical diagnosis and treatment plan from a clinician.
Rationale: Similar to care for other chronic diseases, screening for SUDs should be integrated into routine primary care. Screening is effective in preventing, reducing, treating, and sustaining recovery from substance misuse and SUDs.
Definition: Personalized, comprehensive evaluation prior to treatment, including diagnoses of substance use, mental and general health problems; and full evaluation of the nature and severity of family, social and environmental problems that could affect the course of care and potential for relapse.
Rationale: No single “program” or course of care is likely to be effective for all. Personalized care is the standard in the rest of chronic illness care because it has been shown to increase initial patient engagement, continuing patient adherence and better outcomes.
Definition: Ability to rapidly engage individuals in the type and intensity of services that promptly meets their needs.
Rationale: Brain circuits associated with motivation, inhibition and stress tolerance are often severely affected among individuals with an SUD. Thus, periods of motivational readiness rarely sustain and rapid access to appropriate care is critical.
Definition: Virtually all people with an SUD will need a personalized program of continuing outpatient care in a program or office-based setting, which includes regular monitoring to adjust the intensity and content of that care based on the monitoring results.
Rationale: While individuals may need a period of intensive detoxification or residential care to stabilize the craving and critical health problems associated with SUDs, this type of acute care is rarely adequate to initiate or sustain recovery. This is because drug-induced brain changes do not return to normal function for an extended period following drug cessation. Sustained engagement in long-term treatment is best accomplished in the local outpatient setting. Moreover, because patient needs change as recovery initiates, regular monitoring of care is necessary to track the course of those changes and to adjust the nature and intensity of the care accordingly.
Definition: Access to concurrent medical and mental health services either within a fully integrated health care system, or carefully coordinated across different systems and providers.
Rationale: The majority of people who enter treatment for a SUD also have a co-occurring mental and/or physical illness. Common physical health problems include chronic pain, sleep disorders, infectious illnesses (e.g. HIV, HCV, TB), diabetes, and hypertension. Common mental health problems include depression, anxiety, and PTSD. The most effective and efficient way to manage these problems is with concurrent, coordinated care, ideally within a fully integrated health care system.
Definition: Individual evidence-based behavioral therapies from providers who have been appropriately trained and supervised. Some of the behavioral therapies that have been shown to be effective in changing problematic behaviors and relationships include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Individual Supportive Psychotherapy, Families and Couples Therapy, and Motivational Enhancement Therapy.
Rationale: Evidence-based behavioral health interventions have been reliably shown to improve patient recognition and acceptance of their SUD, increase patients’ sustained motivation for change and adherence to treatment, as well as enhance long-term recovery outcomes. However, the benefits and value of these therapies are best shown when providers have been fully trained and supervised in how to provide them.
Definition: Access to FDA-approved medications and products based on the diagnosis and medical necessity. The appropriate medications or products will vary by patient-specific need.
Rationale: Not all people with an SUD will require medications; and approved medications are not available for all substance use disorders. However, when appropriately prescribed and monitored, medications have been shown to save lives (prevent overdose) and sustain positive outcomes for individuals with an SUD. Medications are most effective as part of a broader program including behavioral health interventions and monitoring (for adherence and effectiveness) and other health and social services.
Definition: Recovery support services include peer services (such as mutual aid groups) and community services (such as housing, education, employment and family support) that can provide continuing emotional and practical support for recovery.
Rationale: As is true for treatment of other chronic medical illnesses, SUD treatment is enhanced when the individual’s relationships and living situation supports the health care objectives. Put differently, sustained recovery is difficult without addressing housing issues, employment problems, and damaged family or social relationships. While most of these services cannot be provided directly in health care settings, access, referral to, and engagement in these social and community services are an important part of discharge and recovery planning during the course of SUD treatment.
For information, contact Jeanie Lunsford, 503-416-3626, lunsfordj@careoregon.org.
For more info about the Task Force, please visit: https://www.shatterproof.org/substance-use-disorder-treatment-task-force
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