感到忧郁、情绪低落、陷入困境：抑郁症有很多种描述方式。它可以影响不同年龄、种族和性别的人。但究竟什么是抑郁症，如何判断自己或所爱之人是否患有抑郁症？

需要了解的抑郁症状

抑郁症在医学上通常被称为重度抑郁症或重度抑郁障碍。这与度过郁闷的一天不同。抑郁症患者的症状至少会持续两周，而且这些症状在每一天的大部分时间里都会出现。

以下是一些可能的迹象：

• 感到绝望、没有价值或内疚
• 持续存在悲伤、焦虑的情绪
• 不再喜欢以前喜欢的东西
• 睡眠困难或睡眠过多
• 感觉疲惫或精力不足
• 显著的食欲变化（吃得太多或太少）和体重变化
• 容易烦躁或沮丧
• 难以集中注意力、记住事情或做出决定
• 出现头痛、胃痛或性功能障碍
• 产生自残或自杀的念头

并非每个抑郁症患者都会经历以上所有症状。症状的表现程度也可能从轻微到严重不等。

抑郁症患者的日常生活往往会发生明显变化，例如他们在工作场所或学校的表现、人际关系以及业余爱好。

抑郁症统计数据

Depression is very common. In 2021, more than 8% of adults in the United States reported having a major depressive episode in the last year. Researchers estimate that around 1 in 6 people will experience depression at some point in their life.

And in 2023, anxiety and/or depression affected over 32 percent of adults in the United States, but the rates were even higher in Oregon: over 35 percent. There are many reasons for this, including challenges with access to care, particularly in rural areas—something CareOregon is working hard to address.

抑郁症的风险因素

任何人都有可能受到抑郁症的影响。但有些因素会使人们患抑郁症的风险更高：

• Genetics: Depression can run in families. Researchers at Stanford University suggest that about 50% of the cause of depression is genetic, especially in cases of severe depression. However, just because a family member has depression does not automatically mean you will develop it too.
• Chronic medical conditions: Depression can be more common in people who are dealing with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, chronic pain, cancer, heart disease and many other conditions that affect your quality of life.
• Stress: Difficult experiences such as sexual abuse, trauma, death of a loved one and divorce can sometimes trigger depression.
• Substance use: While some people begin using substances to cope with feelings of depression, misusing substances can also trigger changes in brain structure and function that increase the risk for depression, along with other mental conditions like anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

获得抑郁症方面的帮助

值得庆幸的是，重度抑郁症是可以治愈的。这可能需要将治疗、改变生活方式和服用药物相结合。

正确的治疗计划可能因人而异，因此，向心理健康医生寻求帮助非常重要。您的医疗保健提供者可能会将您转诊给一位心理医生。

获得抑郁症方面的帮助是您能为自己和所爱之人做的最好的事情之一。寻求帮助并不可耻；抑郁症是一种健康问题，与任何健康状况一样，它可以通过药物治疗得到改善。

抑郁症资源

危机支持

Visit Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, call or text 988, or chat online.

免费/低成本筛查

Contact your health care provider, county mental health office, or coordinated care organization (CCO).

同伴支持、小组和课程

Visit NAMI Oregon, the Oregon chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).

CareOregon会员

Review CareOregon mental health resources, which include counseling, therapy, substance use treatment and medication.